By R. M. Nedderman
This publication outlines the elemental technology underlying the prediction of rigidity and pace distributions in granular fabrics. the character of a rigid-plastic fabric is mentioned and a comparability is made among the Coulomb and conical (extended Von Mises) versions. The tools of measuring fabric homes are defined and an interpretation of the experimental effects is taken into account within the context of the serious country idea. routines and options are only if may be relatively necessary for the reader.
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Extra resources for Statics and Kinematics of Granular Materials
Example text
96 kN m~2 . It should be noted that Mohr's circle can be used as a graphical construction, in which case the results are inevitably approximate, or can be used as the basis for a geometrical analysis, as above, in which case the results are exact. 4 has no component in the x- or the ^-direction. Thus the shear stresses TZX and jzy must be zero and consequently the stress CTZZ must be a principal stress. 7. Each circle represents rotation about one of the three principal axes. The three principal stresses are given by the intersections of the circles with the a axis and are known (despite the rules of English grammar) as the major, the intermediate and the minor principal stresses and are conventionally denoted by a1?
7) as an empirical relationship involving the experimentally determined constants |JL and c. The situation is no different from that for liquids. Some progress has been made in relating viscosity to molecular properties but, none-the-less, viscosities are always determined experimentally. 5 for angular particles. Values of the cohesion vary from the undetectably small for coarse materials to around 50 kN m~2 for a stiff clay. On the whole, the smaller the particle size, the greater the cohesion and this has prompted many workers to look for an explanation in terms of Van der Waals forces.
This is the rate of extensional strain, but since we have chosen to treat compressive stress as positive, it is convenient to take compressive strain rate as positive also. 9 and this has properties similar to those of Mohr's stress circle. The rates of strain in the xdirection are given by the point X which has co-ordinates (e^, yxy/2). At the opposite end of the diameter is the point Y with co-ordinates (Zyy> iyJtyy a n d the strain rates in a direction inclined at 0 to the xdirection can be found from the co-ordinates of the end of the radius inclined at 29 to the radius to point X.