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In improving security of vehicles. 3 DOE as an On-Line Thickness Gauge of Float Glass The DOE in the present case is a computer-generated hologram [39]. The DOE, presented in Fig. 2, was calculated by using Rayleigh–Sommerfeld diffraction integral [40], and it is an on-axis binary-amplitude hologram whose 34 3 Machine Vision Systems Fig. 2. Diffractive optical element transmission is 50%. The output pattern of the planar DOE, when constructed by an expanded laser beam, is a regular array 4 × 4 light spot matrix.

In Fig. 6 we show an example of the development of the specular reflection from starch acetate compact as a function of the angle of incidence and using CCD camera as a detector. Fig. 6. Development of specular reflection pattern from starch acetate compact. 3 Measurement of Surface Roughness Using Laser Beam 51 From the images of Fig. 6 we observe that for a relatively low angle of incidence a speckled pattern appears, whereas for a relatively high angle of incidence specular reflection becomes relatively strong.

In the event of fluorescent porous objects, care has to be taken in the interpretation of diffuse spectra. In Fig. 11 we show diffuse reflection spectra gained from two different papers obtained from paper mill. It is evident from Fig. 10 that different paper grades cause different spectral features in paper. , in research and development of paper products. 12 presents a modern multimode laboratory device for paper mills. There are various mechanical and optical measurement modes in the sensor head of Fig.