By Michael Rost
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Extra resources for Listening in language learning
Sample text
E. e. groups assigned to comparable settings in which the particular feature is not present). g. linguistic simplifications by the speaker, opportunities for the listeners to interact) assists language comprehension. The fundamental reasoning underlying a psycholinguistic approach to SLA research is this: if it can be can shown that a specific linguistic or conversational adjustment (by speaker or listener) promotes comprehension, and if it can be shown that in general comprehensible language and interaction promotes language acquisition, then we can deduce that those specific linguistic and conversational adjustments promote language acquisition.
For instance, experimental subjects will often interpret identical passages differently if prior information they have received (such as a suggested title for the passage) induces them to predict the content of the text they see or hear. Readers and hearers utilize pre-organized knowledge, or schemata, as they interpret the text. According to schema theory, familiar knowledge structures are triggered by the recognition of a sequence of related lexical items (such as: the mat, the escape, being held, the charge, the lock in the text of Anderson et al.
Another class of problems involved in computer understanding of natural language are those related to understanding the intention of a Program 1 This program will print out the time of day whenever the precise sequence: /WHAT TIME IS IT? / is typed in. This program could be regarded as able to 'understand English language' since it responds appropriately to an English question that would be likely to elicit a similar response from any competent user of English. It has access to an operative clock, just as a person might have easy access to a watch.