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Let the non-inertial coordinate system xyz move with a linear acceleration R00 and rotate with angular speed 9X and the angular acceleration 9X0 in the fixed coordinate system XYZ as shown in Fig. 5. Let the control volume in Fig. 5 be attached to the non-inertial frame of reference xyz. The infinitesimal mass element qdV considered in the control volume in the fixed reference frame XYZ has the acceleration aXYZ. At this stage, the relation between the acceleration axyz in the non-inertial frame and the acceleration aXYZ in the inertial frame in terms of linear acceleration: R00 , Coriolis force: 29XxVxyz, centripetal force: 9Xx(9Xxr) and 9X0 xr reads as given in (Shames 1969) aXYZ ¼ axyz þ R0 þ 2XxVxyz þ XxðXxrÞ þ X0 xr ð2:40Þ Here, Vxyz is the velocity vector in xyz and r is the position of the infinitesimal mass qdV in xyz coordinate system.

Zk in directions of n and g coordinates as dA = (dr/dn)9(dr/ dg)|dndg. The vector product of these two vectors also give the direction of the unit normal n of dA. 2 Real Gas Flow 53 η Fig. 8 Expressing dA in Curvilinear coordinates ng dr/dη dA n z dr/dξ ξ r y k j x i    ~i ~ j ~ k    dA ¼   xn yn zn dn dg x y z  g g g qÀffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi Á2 À Á2 À Á2ffi ¼ yn zg À zn yg þ xn zg À zn xg þ yn yg À xn yg dn dg x ð2:71Þ Here, the term under the square root is named reduced Jacobian I.

Fmaks maximum of F(z) where zmaks is the z value at which Fmaks is found. 3 (Baldwin and Lomax 1978). The research on turbulence models are of interest to many branches of fluid mechanics. The Baldwin–Lomax model is implemented for the aerodynamic applications of attached or separated flows considered here. More complex models based on the differential equation solutions are utilized even in commercial softwares of CFD together with the necessary documentations. Detailed information, scientific basis and their application areas for different turbulent models are provided by Wilcox (1998).

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