By Barbara W. Murck
Take a studying trip via billions of years of Earth historyThis necessary consultant to the basics of geology is the suitable method to introduce your self to all of the fundamentals, from rocks, minerals, and fossil fuels to earthquakes, volcanoes, and plate tectonics. utilizing quickly quizzes and self-tests to enhance key thoughts, Geology rigorously walks you thru billions of years of Earth background. Illustrated with multiple hundred especially commissioned illustrations and fifty photos that support make clear tough thoughts, this easy-to-follow publication is an interactive source for somebody drawn to studying extra approximately our planet.Whether you're new to geology or are looking to refresh and replace your wisdom, the confirmed self-teaching advisor strategy will let you paintings at your individual velocity, fee your development, and research extra approximately this attention-grabbing box of research.
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Extra info for Geology: A Self-Teaching Guide
Example text
We can also look for continuity of geologic features such as mountain chains. If we rejoin the continents as they would have been in the supercontinent Pangaea, mountain belts of similar ages seem to line up. For example, the oldest portions of the Appalachian Mountains, extending from the northeastern part of the United States through eastern Canada, match up with the Caledonides of Ireland, Britain, Greenland, and Scandinavia. A younger part of the Appalachians lines up with a mountain belt of similar age in Africa and Europe.
But we often feel the earthquakes and observe the volcanic activity that happens along active plate margins. The scars CONTINENTAL RIFT. This is the Great Rift Valley, part of the East African Rift System in Kenya. The view is looking west across the Kerio River Valley from the top of the Tugen Hills to the Elgeyo Escarpment, which is about 1,220 meters (m) (4,000 feet [ft]) high. The Great Rift Valley was formed by tensional forces that stretched, thinned, and fractured the Earth's crust. (Courtesy Brian Skinner) Page 19 and remnants of ancient plate interactions are also preserved in the rock record for us to study.
Technically, teeth, bones, and shells are not minerals because they are formed by organic processes. However, when the remains become fossilized, the organic materials in them are replaced by minerals. If you were to perform a chemical analysis of a dinosaur bone, you would find only inorganic minerals, even though the bone's delicate internal structure may have been preserved almost intact. " They occur either as simple chemical elements (gold, the element Au, is an example), or compounds with specific chemical formulas.