By Jean Paul Sartre, Hazel Barnes
Being and Nothingness
Read Online or Download Being and Nothingness: A Phenomenological Essay on Ontology PDF
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Extra info for Being and Nothingness: A Phenomenological Essay on Ontology
Example text
This means also that the type of being of consciousness is the opposite of that which the ontological proof reveals to us. Since consciousness is not possible before being, but since its being is the source and condition of all possibility, its existence implies its essence. " In order for there to be an essence of pleasure, there must. be first the fact of a consciousness (of) this pleasure. It is futile to try to invoke pretended laws of consciousness of which the articulated whole would constitute the essence.
It deter mines certain physical limits to what the For-itself can do within or to the world. And if we speak of its actual chemical make-up, we are con sidering part of that Being with which the For-itself as Nothingness is forever contrasted. Yet except when it becomes a corpse the body does not actually belong within the province of the In-itself. As "existed" by the For-itself it is a psychic object; in fact we might more accurately say that the For-itself is its body. Without a body the For-itself could have no relation whatsoever with what we call the world.
In order that this theme should preside over a whole series of syntheses of unifications and recognitions, it must be present to itself, not as a thing but as an operative intention which can exist only as the revealing-revealed (revelante-reveIee), to uSe an expres sion of Heidegger's. Thus in order to count, it is necessary to be conscious of counting. Of course, someone may say, but this makes a circle. ecessary that I count in fact in order to be conscious of counting? That IS true. " The idea can be expressed in these liv BEING AND NOTHINGNESS tenns: Every conscious existence exists as consciousness of existing.