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Debris would be launched into the atmosphere, clouding the Sun and possibly polluting the air with toxic gases. This might be followed by globally devastating forest fires that 38 the first vertebrates would release thick smoke into the atmosphere. The ­long­term effects would include such climate changes as a shift in the average global temperature for many hundreds of years. Although asteroid or comet strikes are not currently considered the leading causes of mass extinctions during the Paleozoic Era, they have been implicated in some mass extinctions as a contributing factor, as explained below.

Although asteroid or comet strikes are not currently considered the leading causes of mass extinctions during the Paleozoic Era, they have been implicated in some mass extinctions as a contributing factor, as explained below. MASS EXTINCTIONS OF THE PALEOZOIC ERA There were four significant mass extinctions during the Paleozoic Era, three of which rank as the worst in all of geologic history. The Paleozoic Era was a time of great upheaval on Earth. Continents separated and then converged again to form one giant landmass.

The Paleozoic Era stretched back from 251 million to 542 million years ago and marked the rise of plant and animal species that eventually led to the kinds of life we see today. During the first half of the Paleozoic Era, which included the Cambrian, Ordovician, and Silurian Periods, the Earth was a world that consisted of the large southern landmass Gond-­ wana and warm oceans in the Northern Hemisphere.  During the second half of the Paleozoic Era, which included the Devonian, Carboniferous, and Permian Periods, all of Earth’s major landmasses slowly collided to form the super-­ continent Pangaea.

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