By EDWARD McKYES (Eds.)
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Sample text
Then, one could design cutting tools for acceptable performance, with minimum required force inputs, without the need for repeated experiments in the laboratory or in the field. 2 TWO D I M E N S I O N A L C A S E S : M E T H O D OF STRESS C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S A s described in Chapter 2, the method of stress characteristics can be e m p l o y e d to solve for stress distributions in a body of soil which is failing p r o v i d e d that sufficient soil properties and boundary conditions are known.
If the lines of soil internal and soil to tool strengths, with slope angles ö and ä, respectively, do not intersect the ó ç axis at the same point O 1 as illustrated in F i g . 31) where á is the stress function (ó-| + èâ)/2 +ö at any point on the tool surface. I n this general case, ï cannot be found explicitly at the tool boundary since it is now involved in determining angle e in E q n . 31, and angle € is needed to calculate ó in E q n . 26. A t r i a l and error solution to simultaneous E q n .
W h e n it is considered that soil mechanical properties, especially near the s u r f a c e , vary spatially in a given field by a considerable fraction of the a v e r a g e values, it is rather difficult to justify the conducting of a lengthy and expensive series of precision laboratory tests of soil strength. In general, the field testing devices give results which may be inherently less precise, but w h i c h can be much more numerous and can cover more locations in a field in the same time that it takes to perform just a few laboratory tests.