Download Sharks: The Animal Answer Guide by Gene Helfman, George H. Burgess PDF

By Gene Helfman, George H. Burgess

Answering each plausible query approximately sharks, authors Gene Helfman and George H. Burgess describe the interesting biology, habit, range (there are greater than 1,000 species worldwide), and cultural significance of sharks, their shut courting to skates and rays, and their severe position in fit ecosystems.

Helfman and Burgess take readers on a round-the-world journey of shark habitats, which come with oceans in addition to lakes or even rivers (as some distance up the Mississippi as St. Louis). They describe large, ferocious predators like (Great) White and Tiger sharks and species corresponding to Basking and Whale sharks that feed on microscopic prey but can develop to lengths of greater than forty toes. The mysterious and robust Greenland shark, the authors clarify, reaches a weight of 2,200 kilos on a vitamin of seal flesh. Small (less than 2-foot lengthy) Cookiecutter sharks assault different sharks or even take a bit out of the occasional swimmer.

Despite our traditional fascination with sharks, now we have turn into their worst enemy. Many shark species are in critical decline and a bunch are threatened with extinction because of overfishing and persecution. Sharks: The Animal resolution consultant offers an ideal mixture of present technology, historical past, anthropology, exciting evidence, and gripping pictures. even if your fascination with sharks stems from worry or interest, your wisdom of those animals will increase immensely in case you seek advice this book.

-- Philip Motta, collage of South Florida

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Extra resources for Sharks: The Animal Answer Guide

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They presented excellent photographs of the response. In addition, they recorded from, cranial nerves with micropipets and attempted to follow the neural pathway of the response. Bell and Satchell concluded that the response may be interpreted as protective of the cornea. Clearly it is not visually mediated since it persists in a preparation with eyes removed. Neither is it part of a labyrinthine reflex. Gilbert (1963) and Harris (1965) also believed that eyelid closure was a scribed by Bell protective mechanism.

These differences have surprised several authors (Maren 1973, Jampol and Forrest 1972, and Zadunaisky 1973) because of the supposed taxonomic closeness of these two species. In fact, these elasmobranchs are phylogenetically dissimilar, being on ends of evolutionary lines that separated as early as the Jurassic (Schaeffer 1967). Thus they are distinguished at the ordinal level in a and rabbit—species that mechanisms 1973). (Maren aqueous way differ considerably in their similar to the primate Aqueous Humor, Formation—Jampol and Forest (1972) investigated mechanism and site of aqueous formation in Squalus.

For example, Scyliorhinus and other nocturnal, sharks appear to have a highly mobile pupil, a permanently bright tapetum, and a black field in the ventral fundus. Denton and Nicol contrast them with the active, diurnal, pelagic sharks such as Prionace and Squalus. These animals have an occlusable tapetum but little bottom-dwelling, littoral iris movement. This point is questionable, however, since, for example, Carcharhinus falciformis and C. longimanus are pelagic, feed in daylight, and have highly mobile pupils.

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