By Jai Prakash Agrawal, Robert Hodgson
Natural Chemistry of Explosives is the 1st textual content to collect the fundamental equipment and routes used for the synthesis of natural explosives in one volume.Assuming no earlier wisdom, the publication discusses every thing from the easiest combined acid nitration of toluene, to the complicated synthesis of hugely lively caged nitro compounds.
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Cl2, CH2Cl2 2. NaOCl, Bu4NHSO4 O2N 3. HCl, H THF (aq) 20 % (3 steps) H NO2 H NO2 H 150 NO2 151 H NO2 NO2 NOH 1. NBS, NaHCO3, dioxane (aq), 24 % 2. NaBH4, THF (aq), 66 % O2N H 152 H NOH HON NO2 H 1. Br2, DMF, NaHCO3, 2. TFAA, 85 % H2O2, 24 % (2 steps) 3. NaBH4, EtOH, 70 % NOH HON Ref. 1. NBS, NaHCO3, dioxane (aq), 36 % 2. NaBH4, EtOH 3. 158 Magnesium sulfate is frequently used as an additive in these reactions to control solution pH. 7). 7 Synthesis of energetic polynitropolycycloalkanes via amine oxidation Amine Conditions/reagents NH2 (64) NH2 H NH2 (66) H NH2 NH2 (68) H2N + – NH3Cl – + Cl H3N – + Cl H3N (70) + – NH3Cl Product O3 (excess), silica gel, -78 °C 20 - 28 % NO2 (65) NO2 H ClCH2CH2Cl, m-CPBA, reflux 38 % ClCH2CH2Cl, m-CPBA, reflux 40 % H 162 NO2 (67) 150 NO2 NO2 (69) O2N 165 NO2 1.
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8). However, this fails for α,ω-dinitroalkanes in which the nitro groups are not separated by at least three methylene units. 8). 8). These reactions still fail for the bis-methylol derivative of 1,3-dinitropropane (n = 1) but give a 49 % yield of 1,1,4,4-tetranitrobutane (n = 2) after demethylolation of the corresponding bis-methylol derivative, namely, 2,2,5,5-tetranitro-1,6-hexanediol. 105 r Oxidative nitration avoids the isolation of gem-nitronitronate salts, which are often unstable explosives with a high sensitivity to impact and friction.