By Icon Health Publications
It is a 3-in-1 reference ebook. It offers an entire clinical dictionary masking countless numbers of phrases and expressions when it comes to nicotine. It additionally offers large lists of bibliographic citations. eventually, it presents details to clients on easy methods to replace their wisdom utilizing a number of web assets. The ebook is designed for physicians, clinical scholars getting ready for Board examinations, scientific researchers, and sufferers who are looking to get to grips with examine devoted to nicotine. in the event that your time is effective, this e-book is for you. First, you won't waste time looking out the web whereas lacking loads of suitable details. moment, the booklet additionally saves you time indexing and defining entries. ultimately, you won't waste money and time printing 1000s of websites.
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Additional info for Nicotine - A Medical Dictionary, Bibliography, and Annotated Research Guide to Internet References
Sample text
In addition to understanding nicotine's acute actions, we propose to investigate the mechanism by which nicotine produces dependence. We recently developed a dependence model using chronic nicotine infusion in mice. This model will allow us to determine which receptor subtypes are involved in dependence. These studies will consist of substituting receptor selective agonists for nicotine as well as participating withdrawal with receptor selective antagonists. Chronic infusion in nicotine in receptor knock-out mice will confirm the involvement of specific receptor subtypes in nicotine dependence.
Novelty reward). Rats receive repeated access to novel object in one environment and no objects in another equally experienced environment. In a post-conditioning test that occurs in the absence of any objects, rats show a preference for the environment previously paired with novel. , novelty seeking). In this task rats are presented with an object for a specific amount of time. The rats are returned to the environment 1 h later, but now have free-access to a novel object and the previously experienced object.
Finally, our observations that bupropion has both nicotine agonist and antagonist properties represents an important lead for further exploration of the mechanisms underlying the pharmacological effects of nicotine and the development of dependence. To further investigate the antagonistic effect of bupropion, a number of bupropion analogs as well as its metabolites will be evaluated for antagonism of nicotine effects. Finally, bupropion will be evaluated in mice chronically infused with nicotine to determine whether it alleviates or exacerbates withdrawal.