By Louis H. Miller, John A. Pino, John J. McKelvey Jr. (auth.), Louis H. Miller, John A. Pino, John J. McKelvey Jr. (eds.)
Since the flip of the century, yes parasitic ailments of cattle have frus trated efforts to carry them below regulate via vaccination suggestions; East Coast fever and trypanosomiasis are such ailments. East Coast fever (ECF) kills a part million farm animals each year; and three million are killed every year through trypanosomia sis, that's largely unfold over tropical Mrica. jointly, those ailments have closed a few 7 million sq. kilometers of land to cattle grazing-land that will in a different way help an extra a hundred and twenty million head of livestock. In 1970 W.A. Malmquist of the U.S. division of Agriculture, in collabora tion with K.N. Brown, M.P. Cunningham, and different affiliates on the East African Veterinary examine association in Kenya, succeeded in cultivating in vitro the protozoal organisms chargeable for East Coast fever. This luck, received using tissue cultures, inspired a few organisations to help study on those parasites in an speeded up attempt to advance box vaccines.
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Sample text
Trop. Med. Hyg. 63: 46-56. L. 1968. Active immunization of mice against Plasmodium berghei. Cross-resistance to a recently isolated strain. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 17: 516·521. 2 ANTIGENIC VARIATION IN BABESIA John J. Doyle* World Health Organization Immunology Research and Training Center CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland As babesiosis has been the subject of several recent reviews (Mahoney 1972; Riek 1968; Ristic 1970) and is the subject of another chapter in this volume (Callow, Chapter 8), I will only briefly present the evidence now available to show that antigenic variation also occurs in this disease.
Rabat, Morocco, 287. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. W. 1959. A study of relapse Plasmodium berghei infections isolated from white mice. J. Immunol. 82: 209-214. M. 1975. Identification, purification and properties of clone-specific glycoprotein antigens constituting the surface coat of Trypanosoma brucei. Parasitology 71: 393-417. A. In vitro isolation of Plasmodium knowlesi merozoites using polycarbonate sieves. Parasitology 71: 475-481. D. 1938. The agglutination of Plasmodium knowlesi by immune serum.
31 32 Immunity to Blood Parasites of Animals and Man variation represents solely the loss and acquisition of antigenicaily different molecules on the surface of the parasite or parasitized ceil or whether parasite populations recognized as antigenically different by the host also differ in other physiological and biochemical parameters that ensure their survival and eventual transmission from host to host. The fact remains that the ability to undergo antigenic variation apparently confers on these parasites a remarkable advantage in ensuring their survival in and transmission from an immunocompetent host.