By Roger Cousens
Weeds have ecological attributes that confer the power to intervene with human actions. Roger Cousens and Martin Mortimer position weed administration inside an ecological context, with the focal point at the manipulation of inhabitants measurement. they give thought to the dynamics of abundance and spatial distribution at either geographic and native scales, and view the elemental approaches of dispersal, copy and mortality including the standards that impression them. The authors exhibit how administration modifies styles of habit which are intrinsic to populations, and notice the evolution and administration of resistance to herbicides. This booklet presents weed technology with the conceptual foundation that has formerly been missing. It additionally supplies ecologists and botanists entry to the broad database at the inhabitants ecology of weeds.
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Additional info for Dynamics of Weed Populations
Sample text
Measurement of rate of spread at this scale is examined, along with the phases in the invasion process and how invasions should managed. In the remainder of the chapters we transfer our attention to dynamics of weed populations at a local level, for example within a field. The size of a population depends on the balance between dispersal, 'births' and deaths of individuals. In Chapter 3 we examine dispersal processes and compare the distances by which propagules are moved by various vectors. In Chapter 4 the factors determining gains and losses at different stages in the life history of a weed are reviewed.
An example of this is given in Fig. 6. for Parthenium hysterophorus in Queensland, Australia. Such frequency distributions can be summarised by regression modelling; Auld et al. 1) where n is frequency, rfis distance from nearest previous location, and c and s are parameters. Auld et al. (1982) refer to s as the 'spread gradient'. The lower the value of s, the more the species will tend to spread by isolated outbreaks, rather than as an advancing front. There are problems with interpreting these regression curves.
Three possible reasons are: 1. Habitats in the settled regions may have been in some way inherently more invasible than those in Europe, such that weeds from Europe were able to establish themselves. In contrast, species travelling in the opposite direction would not find habitats in Europe so easy to invade. 2. Species of European weeds may have co-evolved with agriculture over thousands of years. Agriculture is relatively new to some continents. European settlers, creating farm habitats in the new country, may have provided conditions in which only the European, farming-adapted, species could survive and reproduce.