By Nobuhiro Fusetani, Anthony S. Clare
Knowledge of the hazards of poisonous elements in antifouling coatings has raised curiosity within the power for unhazardous possible choices. Marine organisms from micro organism to invertebrates and vegetation use chemical compounds to speak and protect themselves. This ebook explores traditional established antifoulants, their ecological capabilities, equipment of characterisation and attainable makes use of in antifouling. The textual content takes at the problem of picking out such compounds, designing sustainable construction and incorporating them into antifouling coatings.
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Extra info for Antifouling Compounds (Progress in Molecular and Subcellular Biology)
Sample text
Few studies have even attempted to measure the concentration of potential antifoulants in seawater. Coll et al. (1982) presented qualitative evidence that non-polar terpenes were exuded by the soft corals Sarcophyton crassocaule and Sinularia flexibilis. Using a modified apparatus, Schulte et al. (1991) pumped seawater past an S. flexibilis colony and over Sep-pak cartridges, trapping sufficient flexibilide (26) to detect by TLC but not by NMR. Two methods failed to recover triterpene glycosides 7–8 from water around two Caribbean sponges, even though glycosides should be more soluble than a terpene like flexibilide (Kubanek et al.
1 Cnidarian Defense against Microorganisms and Algae Many cnidarians chemically inhibit diatom growth, possibly through nontoxic mechanisms (Wilsanand et al. 2001). 25% wet weight) (Targett et al. 1983). Both water-soluble extracts of the corals and the in situ concentration -1 of homarine (2 mg ml ) inhibited growth of the co-occurring benthic diatom Navicula salinicola by 41%. , the related compounds nicotinic and picolinic acid were even more inhibitory. Homarine is common in the tissues of many invertebrates (Carr et al.
In some algae, non-polar metabolites are concentrated at the surface (Dworjanyn et al. 1999). In others, high-molecular weight, biological macromolecules act as waterborne settlement inhibitors (Harder and Qian 2000), but chemical characterization of biomolecules has traditionally lagged far behind that of secondary metabolites. In a comparison of two fucoid algae, cyprid settlement was more inhibited by algal blades and phlorotannins of Fucus vesiculoides than F. evanescens, although F. vesiculoides was more heavily fouled in the field (Wikström and Pavia 2004).