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Hardwired programs may include the specific method with which data is moved from a memory location to a register, how status of the processor is stored, what specific steps need to occur when an error happens, and hundreds of other activities. Without these programs, the processor will not know how to respond when it is turned on. These programs are very complicated and form the basis for characteristics of the operation of the microprocessor. Additionally, most microprocessors allow for the capability to accept changes to these microprograms by the manufacturer or operating system provider.

Computer System Concepts The basic computer system that sits on your desktop is an extremely complicated piece of equipment. Literally thousands of different simultaneous operations are occurring in the process of doing even one seemingly simple piece of work. As a computer technician, you do not really need to be overly concerned about the actual inner workings of these components, but it will be helpful to understand what they do. The following sections will briefly outline how the CPU, memory, controllers, and programs work together to provide the end user a system that they can accomplish their work on.

Scratches, dust, or other material on the CD surface can prevent data from being read correctly. Because data is located on the bottom side of the CD, always lay the CD label side down. The Monitor The function of a monitor is to produce visual responses to user requests. Most desktop computers use cathode ray tube (CRT) monitors or flat panel displays (FPD). CRTs use an electron gun to activate phosphors behind the screen. Each dot on the monitor, called a pixel, has the ability to generate red, green, or blue, depending on the signals it receives.